An examination of the effect of the Ghana government’s flagship program known as the One-Village-One-Dam (1V1D) initiative on the livelihoods of rural farmers in Northern Ghana. Challenges such as insufficient water storage and poor dam maintenance hindered the dams' effectiveness for irrigation and livestock rearing. The shallowness of most of the dams meant that they dried up during the dry season and therefore did not have a significant effect on crops and livestock productivity.